THE proper method for the replacement of gastrointestinal fluid losses in surgery has been the subject of considerable controversy. Volume-for-volume replacement with saline solution has been ...

Fluids are the lifeblood of any vehicle and allow the engine and other systems to operate properly and deliver optimum performance. Among their many different assignments they lubricate, cool down, ...

Hydraulic oil ranks high among fluids with multi-function capability. True, for sheer utility, it can’t match olive oil, which through the centuries has been used as food, lubricant, fuel, medicine, ...

Term neonates, children and young people receiving intravenous (IV) fluids for routine maintenance are not given hypotonic fluids as the initial fluid. There are safety concerns about the use of ...

Oxidation, which occurs when hot thermal fluid meets air and produces acids, is responsible for over 95 % of thermal fluid replacement recommendations. Acids formed by oxidation build up over time and ...