For years, concussions were described as temporary disruptions in brain function that could not be seen on any medical test. Patients were often told that because their CT scan or MRI was “normal,” ...

Taking a punishing hit on the football field or soccer pitch; having your head jostle around during a car accident; experiencing a fall from a ladder. An estimated 3.8 million concussions occur each ...

Methods for detection of brain injury range from observation of the victim’s behavior to advanced noninvasive imaging methods, including the following: report of symptoms and responses to questions ...